Ocean Temperature

The ocean is really deep like 2'400 meters kind of deep (which is 7,874.0157 feet).

The ocean is divided up  into three sections. Surface is the top to about 200 meters (or 656.16798 feet.)

The next layer is Thermocline is from 200 meters to about 700 meters.

And the last layer is called the Deep Zone is 700 meters to the ocean floor 2400 -plus or minus.

The top of that water in a tropical water region could be 30 degrees Celsius (or 86 degrees Fahrenheit.)

Polar arias could be negative -2 degrees Celsius (or 28 degrees Fahrenheit.)

The top of the water in an averaged aria at the surface could be about 81 Fahrenheit (27 Celsius.). And at the deep zone and at the floor is about 36.5 degrees Fahrenheit or 2.5 Celsius.

The FLoating Instrument Platform (FLIP)

There are many interesting research vessels, and I encourage you to look them all up, but and interesting one, that I found to day, is called the FLIP.

The FLIP stands for FLoating Instrument Platform. (The L is the L in fLoating.)

The FLIP had no engines like the other research ships, but was towed to the sight where is was left for weeks -sometimes months, while it did its research.

It was 102 meters long (335 feet.), and was kept afloat in the water by a ballast* tank on the Stern (rear). The ballast tank was flooded, keeping the FLIP upright.

Then part of the ship containing things such as the living quarters, communication equipment, the laboratory, electrical generates, and scientific instruments, was some seventeen meters above the water (55 feet).

vertical position

With the FLIP in a vertical position, it proved to be a remarkably stable platform, even on choppy waters.

Career (US)
Name:	RP FLIP
Owner:	Office of Naval Research
Operator:	Scripps Institution of Oceanography
Builder:	Gunderson Brothers Engineering
Completed:	1962
Identification:	Call sign: WI7115 IMO number: 9180229 MMSI no.: 338040561
Status:	Operational
General characteristics
Tonnage:	700 GRT
Length:	108 m (354 ft)
Beam:	7.93 m (26.0 ft)
Draught:	3.83 m (12.6 ft) (towed) 100 m (330 ft) (deployed)
Speed:	7-10 knots (towed)
Capacity:	Fresh water 5.7 m3 (200 cu ft) Water generation 2.7 m3 (95 cu ft)/per day
Crew:	5 crew 11 researchers

 *ballast |ˈbaləst|

noun

1 heavy material, such as gravel, sand, iron, or lead, placed low in a vessel to improve its stability.

• a substance of this type carried in an airship or on a hot-air balloon to stabilize it, and jettisoned when greater altitude is required.• figurative something that gives stability or substance : the film is an entertaining comedy with some serious ideas thrown in for ballast.

2 gravel or coarse stone used to form the bed of a railroad track or road.

• a mixture of coarse and fine aggregate for making concrete.3 a passive component used in an electric circuit to moderate changes in current.

verb [ trans. ] (usu. be ballasted)

1 give stability to (a ship) by putting a heavy substance in its bilge :the vessel has been ballasted to give the necessary floating stability.2 form (the bed of a railroad line or road) with gravel or coarse stone.

PHRASES

in ballast (of a ship) laden only with ballast.ORIGIN mid 16th cent.: probably of Low German or Scandinavianorigin.

The Challenger Deep

The ocean floor is just like the dry land only covered with water. There are valleys, mountains, plains and deep trenches.
The deepest point known in the ocean is called the Challenger Deep and is located in the Marianas Trench in the South Pacifistic Ocean near Guam. (Which is over by China, Australia and Japan. It's a small island.)
The Challenger is 10,911 meters below the surface of the ocean floor. -Not the top of the water. (That's about 35,797.244 feet and that would equal almost 7 miles.)
If you put mount Everest in the Challengver, Everest would be covered by 2 kiolmeters of water. (That's over a mile of water.)
Well, that's about 11 kelometers of water all pressing down at about 1145 tons per square foot.
The first exploration of the Challenger was in January of 1960 by the crew of a sub called the Trieste. They went way down, down to the bottom of the ocean floor. It was pitch black and cold. But in the head lights of the Trieste they saw something go past. Looking closer it turned out to be a flat fish about a foot long. It just proves that GOD made every bit of the earth to be inhabited by living creatures, not excluding the deepest, coldest point in the ocean.

The Pero Currnet

You just thought that the Gulf Stream was big. Well, the Peru Current is several times larger the the Gulf Stream.
The Peru Current is not as fast and not as warm as the Gulf Stream but is 900 meters (560 miles.) wide.
And where the Gulf Stream warms up the colder arias, the Peru Current cools down the coast of south America.
It just goes to show you how much GOD really did plan all this out.

The Gulf Stream

The Gulf Stream is really big and is about 80 kilometers (or 50 miles.) wide and 1000 meters (or 3,048 feet.) deep.
It starts in Florida and heads along the coast of North America for a while before heading on to Europe. After reaching Europe, the Gulf Stream branches out and heads to the Arctic Ocean and Africa.
The Gulf Stream is also responsible for the mild weather in Great Britten.

Surface Currents

Surface Currents are moved by winds and can be several hundred feet deep.
They move in circular patterns called gyres.

(Jir.- the "i" has a little line "-" over it instead of a dot.)

In the northern Hemisphere the gyres move clockwise and in the southern Hemisphere, they move counter- clockwise.

Ocean Currents

The ocean currents are caused by the gravitational pull of the moon.
There are three types of currents:
              Ocean Currents
              Waves
      And tides.

Most currents flow under the surface of the water and you can tell them apart from the water that they're going through because of temperature and salinity. 

(Sa-lin-i-ty, is a measure of the quantity of dissolved salts and other solids in a mixture such as sea water.) -From the science dictionary.

Icebergs

     First off, we need to get the difference between icebergs and ice-chunks.
     Ice-chunks are frozen water.
     Icebergs are frozen snow that builds up after a long time with out melting.
     After a while gravity causes the frozen snow to slowly flow down the side of the iceberg at a grand speed of a few inches a day.
     When the snow finally gets down into the water, it forms an ice-shelf. This ice-shelf is spread-out under the surface of the water. The biggest ice shelf was the size of Texas. This one was called the Ross ice-shelf.
     Some icebergs are really big and a few where actually mistaken for islands. Well, the part of icebergs that we see is only about 10% of the actually iceberg and the other 90% is the part that we have to worry about. Sometimes the bottom of an iceberg can reach 800 meters or 2,620 feet. (This is down in the thermocline leval.)

The Ocean

The Oceans takes up 7 10ths of the earth. But the ocean is actually only 96.5% water. The other 3.5% is 2.75% Sodom chloride and 0.78% other things.
  The ocean contains 360 quintillions gallons of water. (And just so you know; a quintillion is a billion billions which is 6 sets of 3 zeros or18 zeros.
  Gallons of water int the ocean:
               1,000,000,000,000,000,000, times 360. That's a lot of water.
   One cubic mile of ocean water contains:

           4.5 billion tons of water

           128 million tons of Sodium Chloride (table salt)

           18 million tons of magnesium chloride

           8 million tons of magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt)

           6 million tons of calcium sulfate

           4.2 million tons of potassium chloride

           470,000 tons of calcium carbonate

           47,000 tons of rubidium

           1,400 fluorine

           1,400 tons of nitrogen

           470 tons of zinc

           380 tons of phosphorous

           380 tons of arsenic

           94 tons of iodine

Any way that's a lot of things in one cubic mile of ocean.